Policy statements & commentaries

Subtopic: Legal issues in language access to care
Subtopic: Core standards/competencies set forth by accrediting bodies for medical education and hospital/medical practice

  1. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. ACGME Core Competencies. https://www.ecfmg.org/echo/acgme-core-competencies.html. Updated 2012.​
  2. Allison Keers-Sanchez (2003): Mandatory provision of foreign language interpreters in health care services, Journal of Legal Medicine, 24:4, 557-578.
  3. ​Azar KM, Moreno MR, Wong EC, Shin JJ, Soto C, Palaniappan LP. Accuracy of data entry of patient race/ethnicity/ancestry and preferred spoken language in an ambulatory care setting. Health Serv Res. 2012;47(1 Pt 1):228–240.
  4. Diamond LC, Wilson-Stronks A, Jacobs EA. Do hospitals measure up to the national culturally and linguistically appropriate services standards? Med Care. 2010 Dec;48(12):1080-7.
  5. Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency, Executive Order 13166, Federal Register, 2000 Aug; Vol. 65, No. 159.
  6. Liaison Committee on Medical Education. Functions and Structure of a Medical School: Standards for Accreditation of Medical Education Programs Leading to the MD Degree. Effective Academic Year: 2019-20. http://lcme.org/publications/. Published March 2018.
  7. Office for Civil Rights, Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities: Final Rule. Federal Register. May, 2016. Vol. 81, No. 96, Part IV, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-18/pdf/2016-11458.pdf
  8. Ortega P. Spanish Language Concordance in Medical Care: A Multifaceted Challenge and Call to Action. Acad Med. 2018 Sep;93(9):1276-1280. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002307.
  9. Quan, K., & Lynch, J. (2010). The High Costs of Language Barriers in Medical Malpractice. Berkeley, California: National Health Law Program.
  10. U.S. Department of Education. Definition of Hispanic-serving institutions. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/idueshsi/definition.html.
  11. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health, National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) in Health and Health Care. https://www.thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/assets/pdfs/EnhancedNationalCLASStandards.pdf.